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How Do You Know if Your Information Is on the Dark Web

Written By Monday, March 14, 2022 Add Comment Edit

Part of the World Wide Spider web that is only reachable over darknets

This article is almost darknet websites. For the part of the Internet non accessible by traditional spider web search engines, meet Deep spider web.

The night web is the World Broad Web content that exists on darknets: overlay networks that apply the Internet merely require specific software, configurations, or authorisation to access.[1] [2] [3] [4] Through the nighttime web, private computer networks can communicate and comport business organization anonymously without divulging identifying information, such equally a user's location.[five] [half dozen] The nighttime web forms a small role of the deep web, the function of the Web non indexed by web search engines, although sometimes the term deep spider web is mistakenly used to refer specifically to the dark web.[7] [2] [8]

The darknets which found the dark web include small, friend-to-friend peer-to-peer networks, as well as large, pop networks such as Tor, Freenet, I2P, and Riffle operated past public organizations and individuals.[6] Users of the nighttime spider web refer to the regular web equally Clearnet due to its unencrypted nature.[9] The Tor dark web or onionland [ten] uses the traffic anonymization technique of onion routing nether the network'south top-level domain suffix .onion.

Terminology

Definition

The dark web has often been confused with the deep web, the parts of the web non indexed (searchable) by search engines. The term dark web commencement emerged in 2009; still, it is unknown when the bodily dark web first emerged.[11] Many internet users only apply the surface web, data that can be accessed by a typical Google browser.[12] The nighttime web forms a small office of the deep web, but requires custom software in club to access its content. This defoliation dates back to at least 2009.[thirteen] Since then, especially in reporting on Silk Road, the two terms accept ofttimes been conflated,[fourteen] despite recommendations that they should be distinguished.[1] [vii]

The dark web, also known as darknet websites, are accessible only through networks such as Tor ("The Onion Routing" project) that are created specifically for the dark spider web.[12] [xv] Tor browser and Tor-accessible sites are widely used among the darknet users and can be identified by the domain ".onion".[16] Tor browsers create encrypted entry points and pathways for the user, allowing their dark spider web searches and deportment to be anonymous.[12]

Identities and locations of darknet users stay anonymous and cannot be tracked due to the layered encryption organisation. The darknet encryption technology routes users' data through a large number of intermediate servers, which protects the users' identity and guarantees anonymity. The transmitted data tin be decrypted just by a subsequent node in the scheme, which leads to the exit node. The complicated system makes it almost impossible to reproduce the node path and decrypt the data layer past layer.[17] Due to the high level of encryption, websites are not able to track geolocation and IP of their users, and users are not able to get this information about the host. Thus, advice between darknet users is highly encrypted allowing users to talk, weblog, and share files confidentially.[xviii]

Content

Web-based onion services in January 2015[19]
Category Percentage
Gambling

0.4

Guns

1.4

Chat

2.2

New
(non yet indexed)

2.2

Abuse

2.2

Books

ii.5

Directory

2.5

Web log

2.75

Porn

2.75

Hosting

iii.5

Hacking

4.25

Search

iv.25

Anonymity

4.five

Forum

4.75

Counterfeit

five.2

Whistleblower

v.2

Wiki

5.2

Mail

5.seven

Bitcoin

6.2

Fraud

9

Market

nine

Drugs

15.4

Web-based onion services in February 2016[twenty] [21]
Category % of total % of active
Violence

0.3

0.half-dozen

Arms

0.8

1.v

Illicit Social

1.two

2.four

Hacking

one.8

3.5

Illicit links

2.3

4.3

Illicit pornography

two.three

4.5

Extremism

two.7

five.1

Illicit Other

iii.eight

vii.3

Illicit Finance

6.3

12

Illicit Drugs

8.1

fifteen.5

Non-illicit+Unknown

22.six

43.2

Illicit total

29.7

56.8

Inactive

47.seven

Active

52.3

A December 2014 study by Gareth Owen from the University of Portsmouth institute that the near commonly hosted type of content on Tor was child pornography, followed by black markets, while the private sites with the highest traffic were dedicated to botnet operations (run into attached metric).[22] Many whistleblowing sites maintain a presence[23] as well as political discussion forums.[24] Sites associated with Bitcoin, fraud-related services, and mail order services are some of the most prolific.[22]

Every bit of December 2020, the number of active Tor sites in .onion was estimated at 76,300 (containing a lot of copies). Of these, 18 000 would have original content.[25]

In July 2017, Roger Dingledine, one of the 3 founders of the Tor Project, said that Facebook is the biggest hidden service. The dark web comprises but 3% of the traffic in the Tor network.[26]

A February 2016 study from researchers at King'south College London gives the following breakup of content by an alternative category set, highlighting the illicit use of .onion services.[17] [27]

Ransomware

The night web is also used in certain extortion-related processes. Indeed, information technology is common to discover information from ransomware attacks on several dark web sites (data sales sites, public information repository sites.[28] [29]

Botnets

Botnets are often structured with their command-and-command servers based on a censorship-resistant hidden service, creating a large amount of bot-related traffic.[22] [xxx]

Darknet markets

Commercial darknet markets mediate transactions for illegal appurtenances and typically use Bitcoin as payment.[31] These markets accept attracted meaning media coverage, starting with the popularity of Silk Road and Diabolus Market and its subsequent seizure by legal authorities.[32] Silk Road was one of the first dark web marketplaces that emerged in 2011 and has immune for the trading of weapons and identity fraud resources.[31] These markets take no protection for its users and can be closed downwards at any fourth dimension by regime.[31] Despite the closures of these marketplaces, others popular upward in their place.[31] As of 2020, in that location have been at least 38 active dark web market places.[31] These marketplaces are similar to that of eBay or Craigslist where users tin interact with sellers and get out reviews almost marketplace products.[31]

Test of cost differences in nighttime web markets versus prices in existent life or over the World Wide Spider web have been attempted equally well as studies in the quality of appurtenances received over the dark web. One such study was performed on Evolution, one of the about popular crypto-markets active from Jan 2013 to March 2015.[33] Although information technology found the digital data, such as darkening methods and shipping country, "seems accurate", the report uncovered issues with the quality of illegal drugs sold in Evolution, stating that, "the illicit drugs purity is found to be different from the information indicated on their respective listings."[33] Less is known virtually consumer motivations for accessing these marketplaces and factors associated with their use.[34]

Bitcoin services

Bitcoin is one of the principal cryptocurrencies used in dark spider web marketplaces due to the flexibility and relative anonymity of the currency.[35] With Bitcoin, people can hide their intentions every bit well as their identity.[36] A common approach was to use a digital currency exchanger service which converted Bitcoin into an online game currency (such as gold coins in World of Warcraft) that will subsequently exist converted dorsum into fiat currency.[37] [38] Bitcoin services such as tumblers are ofttimes bachelor on Tor, and some – such every bit Grams – offer darknet market integration.[39] [twoscore] A research study undertaken by Jean-Loup Richet, a inquiry fellow at ESSEC, and carried out with the Un Office on Drugs and Crime, highlighted new trends in the utilise of Bitcoin tumblers for money laundering purposes.

Due to its relevance in the digital world, Bitcoin has go a popular product for users to scam companies with.[35] Cybercriminal groups such equally DDOS"four" have led to over 140 cyberattacks on companies since the emergence of Bitcoins in 2014.[35] These attacks have led to the formation of other cybercriminal groups as well as Cyber Extortion.[35]

Hacking groups and services

Many hackers sell their services either individually or as a part of groups.[41] Such groups include xDedic, hackforum, Trojanforge, Mazafaka, dark0de and the TheRealDeal darknet market.[42] Some have been known to track and extort apparent pedophiles.[43] Cyber crimes and hacking services for financial institutions and banks take also been offered over the dark web.[44] Attempts to monitor this activity have been made through various government and private organizations, and an test of the tools used can be found in the Procedia Informatics journal.[45] Use of Internet-calibration DNS distributed reflection denial of service (DRDoS) attacks take too been made through leveraging the dark spider web.[46] There are many scam .onion sites also present which stop upwardly giving tools for download that are infected with trojan horses or backdoors.

Financing and fraud

Scott Dueweke the president and founder of Zebryx Consulting states that Russian electronic currency such as WebMoney and Perfect Money are backside the majority of the illegal deportment.[36] In April 2015, Flashpoint received a 5 1000000 dollar investment to help their clients gather intelligence from the deep and night web.[47] There are numerous carding forums, PayPal and Bitcoin trading websites as well as fraud and counterfeiting services.[48] Many such sites are scams themselves.[49] Phishing via cloned websites and other scam sites are numerous,[50] [51] with darknet markets frequently advertised with fraudulent URLs.[52] [53]

Illegal pornography

The type of content that has the most popularity on the night spider web is illegal pornography—more specifically, child pornography.[35] About lxxx% of its web traffic is related to accessing child pornography despite it being difficult to find even on the dark spider web.[35] A website chosen Lolita City, that has since been taken downwards, contained over 100 GB of child pornographic media and had most fifteen,000 members.[35]

In that location is regular law enforcement action against sites distributing child pornography[54] [55] – oftentimes via compromising the site and tracking users' IP addresses.[56] [57] In 2015, the FBI investigated and took downwards a website called Playpen.[35] At the time, Playpen was the largest child pornography website on the dark web with over 200,000 members.[35] Sites use complex systems of guides, forums and community regulation.[58] Other content includes sexualised torture and killing of animals[59] and revenge porn.[60] In May 2021, German language police said that they had dismantled one of the world'southward biggest child pornography networks on the dark spider web known as Boystown, the website had over 400,000 registered users. Four people had been detained in raids, including a man from Paraguay, on suspicion of running the network. Europol said several pedophile chat sites were also taken down in the High german-led intelligence functioning.[61] [62]

Terrorism

Terrorist organizations took to the internet as early as the 1990s; all the same, the birth of the dark spider web attracted these organizations due to the anonymity, lack of regulation, social interaction, and like shooting fish in a barrel accessibility.[63] These groups accept been taking advantage of the chat platforms within the night web to inspire terrorist attacks.[63] Groups have fifty-fifty posted "How To" guides, teaching people how to become and hide their identity as terrorist.[63]

The dark web became a forum for terrorist propaganda, guiding information, and most importantly, funding.[63] With the introduction of Bitcoin, an anonymous transactions were created which allowed for bearding donations and funding.[63] By accepting Bitcoin, terrorists were now able to fund money to buy weaponry.[63] In 2018, an individual named Ahmed Sarsur was charged for attempting to purchase explosives and hire snipers to help Syrian terrorists, as well as attempting to provide them fiscal back up, all through the nighttime web.[35]

In that location are at least some real and fraudulent websites claiming to be used past ISIL (ISIS), including a faux one seized in Operation Onymous.[64] With the increment of technology, it has allowed cyber terrorists to flourish by attacking the weaknesses of the technology.[65] In the wake of the November 2015 Paris attacks, an actual such site was hacked by an Bearding-affiliated hacker group, GhostSec, and replaced with an advertisement for Prozac.[66] The Rawti Shax Islamist group was found to be operating on the dark web at one time.[67]

Within the dark web, there exists emerging social media platforms similar to those on the World wide web, this is known as the Dark Web Social Network (DWSN).[68] The DWSN works a like a regular social networking site where members tin have customizable pages, take friends, like posts, and blog in forums. Facebook and other traditional social media platforms have begun to make night-web versions of their websites to address bug associated with the traditional platforms and to keep their service in all areas of the Globe Wide Spider web.[69] Unlike Facebook, the privacy policy of the DWSN requires that members are to reveal absolutely no personal information and remain anonymous.[68]

Hoaxes and unverified content

Main article: Hoax

There are reports of crowdfunded assassinations and hitmen for hire;[70] [71] nevertheless, these are believed to be exclusively scams.[72] [73] The creator of Silk Road, Ross Ulbricht, was arrested past Homeland Security investigations (HSI) for his site and allegedly hiring a hitman to kill six people, although the charges were later dropped.[74] [75] There is an urban legend that one can detect alive murder on the dark spider web. The term "Red Room" has been coined based on the Japanese animation and urban legend of the aforementioned name; however, the evidence points toward all reported instances being hoaxes.[76] [77]

On June 25, 2015, the indie game Sad Satan was reviewed by YouTubers Obscure Horror Corner which they claimed to have found via the dark web. Diverse inconsistencies in the channel's reporting cast doubt on the reported version of events.[78] There are several websites which analyze and monitor the deep web and night web for threat intelligence.[79]

Policing the dark web

There have been arguments that the dark spider web promotes civil liberties, like "free speech, privacy, anonymity".[5] Some prosecutors and government agencies are concerned that information technology is a oasis for criminal activity.[lxxx] The deep and dark web are applications of integral cyberspace features to provide privacy and anonymity. Policing involves targeting specific activities of the private spider web deemed illegal or subject to internet censorship.

When investigating online suspects, police typically use the IP (Internet Protocol) accost of the individual; withal, due to Tor browsers creating anonymity, this becomes an impossible tactic.[81] Equally a consequence, law enforcement has employed many other tactics in order to place and arrest those engaging in illegal activity on the dark spider web.[82] OSINT, or Open Source Intelligence, are information collection tools that legally collect data from public sources.[81] OSINT tools tin be night web specific to help officers find bits of information that would pb them to gaining more than knowledge about interactions going on in the dark web.[81]

In 2015 information technology was appear that Interpol at present offers a defended nighttime web grooming program featuring technical information on Tor, cybersecurity and simulated darknet market takedowns.[83] In October 2013 the UK'south National Crime Agency and GCHQ appear the formation of a "Joint Operations Cell" to focus on cybercrime. In November 2015 this team would be tasked with tackling child exploitation on the dark web as well as other cybercrime.[84] In March 2017 the Congressional Research Service released an extensive report on the dark web, noting the changing dynamic of how data is accessed and presented on it; characterized past the unknown, it is of increasing interest to researchers, law enforcement, and policymakers.[85] In Baronial 2017, according to reportage, cybersecurity firms which specialize in monitoring and researching the dark spider web on behalf of banks and retailers routinely share their findings with the FBI and with other law enforcement agencies "when possible and necessary" regarding illegal content. The Russian-speaking underground offer a crime-as-a-service model is regarded as beingness particularly robust.[86]

Journalism

Many journalists, alternative news organizations, educators, and researchers are influential in their writing and speaking of the darknet, and making its employ articulate to the general public.[87] [88] Media coverage typically reports on the dark spider web in ii ways; detailing the power and freedom of speech the dark web allows people to limited, or more commonly reaffirms the illegality and fear of its contents, such every bit computer hackers.[68] Many headlines tie the dark web to child pornography with headlines such as, "N.J. human being charged with surfing 'Dark Web' to collect near 3K images of child porn",[89] along with other illegal activities where news outlets describe it as "a hub for blackness markets that sell or distribute drugs".[ninety] [68]

Specialist Clearweb news sites such as DeepDotWeb[91] [92] and All Things Vice[93] provide news coverage and practical data almost dark web sites and services; however, DeepDotWeb was close downward by government in 2019.[94] The Hidden Wiki and its mirrors and forks hold some of the largest directories of content at whatsoever given fourth dimension. Traditional media and news channels such as ABC News have likewise featured articles examining the darknet.[95] [96]

Run into also

  • Deepnet
  • Darknet market place
  • List of Tor onion services
  • OneSwarm

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External links

  • Excuse Me, I Think Your Dark Web is Showing – A presentation at the March 2017 BSides Vancouver Security Conference on security practices on Tor's subconscious services
  • Attacks Landscape in the Nighttime Side of the Spider web

kanetalsofurn.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_web

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